Monday, November 2, 2009

APGenco Assistant Engineer(Electrical) exam syllabus

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORKS:

Kirchhoff’s laws, mesh and node analysis, network theorems, sinusoidal steady state analysis of single phase and three phase circuits, resonance, transient response of RL, RC, RLC circuits for different inputs, two-port networks, Two element network synthesis.

CONTROL SYSTEMS:

Modelling of physical systems, Block diagrams and signal flow graphs, Time and frequency domain analysis, Steady state errors, Routh’s criterion, Nyquist and Bode plots, compensation, root loci, elementary ideas of state variable analysis, control system components .

MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION:

SI units, measurement of current, voltage, power, power-factor and energy, Measurement of resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency-bridge methods, transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, strain, displacement etc., cathode ray oscilloscope.

AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS:

Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET, SCR, Amplifier biasing, equivalent circuits, frequency response, feedback amplifiers, power amplifiers, oscillators ,operational amplifiers and applications, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators, flip-flops, universal gates, combinational circuits, A/D and D/A converters .

ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER ELECTRONIC DRIVES:

Single phase transformer; equivalent circuit, tests, regulation and efficiency, three phase transformer connections parallel operation, auto transformer, principle of energy conversion, windings of rotating machines, DC generators and motors, characteristics, starting and speed control, three phase induction motors performance characteristics, starting and speed control, single phase induction motors, synchronous generators, performance, regulation, parallel operation, synchronous motors, starting characteristics and applications, synchronous condensers, fractional horse power motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, Characteristics of Power electronic devices, phase control, bridge converters, choppers and inverters, basic concepts of adjustable speed drives.

POWER SYSTEMS:

Electrical power generation thermal, hydro, nuclear: transmission line parameters; steady state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables, surge propagation, distribution systems, insulators, bundle conductors, corona, and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities: bus admittance and impedance matrices: load flow: voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation, symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults; principles of over current, differential and distance protections, circuit breakers, concept of system stability, swing curves and equal area criterion.

Exam will be of 2 hours duration with 100 multiple choice questions. No negative marking.

Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Preliminary & Main Exam

Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Preliminary Exam

Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications

Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.

Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems ; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.

Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquists criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.

E.M. Theory

Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwells equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.

Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.

Analog Electronics

Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.

Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.

Communication Systems

Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.

Computers and Microprocessors

Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.

Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

Energy Conversion

Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.

Power Systems

Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability. HVDC transmission.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.

Elements of IC Fabrication Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.

Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Main Exam

Electrical Circuits–Theory and Applications

Circuit componets; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of networks synthesis. Filter-theory : design and applications. Active filters. Circuit simulation : Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.

Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

E.M. Theory

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflaction and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line : Distributed parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. Waveguides : parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.

Analog Electronics

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.

Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

Energy Conversion

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : charateristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.

Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control. Special machines : Stepper motors, brushless dc motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives :

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

Analog Communication

Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statististical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Microwaves and Antenna

Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground waves, sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beamwidth and polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services : Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave measurements.

Paper-II

Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete-control systems.

Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials : behaviour and application. Photonic materials : refractive index, absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic materials.

Microprocessors and microcomputers

8-bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing. IBM PC architecture : overview, introduction to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.

Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

IC Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon di-oxide; metallisation and passivation.

Power Systems : Analysis and Control

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance materices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmeterical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS. Computer control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres; various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs. Active power control : Speed control of generators, tie-line control, frequency control. Economic dispatch.

Power system protection

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management

Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind turbine aerodynamics; wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance of Energy Management : Energy audit; energy economics : discount rate, payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing.

Digital Communiation

Pulse code modulation (PCM), diferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

Satellite Communication, Radar and TV

Satellite Communincation : General overview and technical characteristics, earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of Satellite system. Radar : Basic principles, Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, Phase array radars. Television Systems : Television systems and standards, Black-and White-and Colour-TV transmission and receiver systems.

Fibre Optic System

Multiplexing : Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing. Optical properties of materials : Refractive index absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.

IES ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - I
(For both objective and conventional type papers)

1. Materials and Components :
Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, magnetic, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials. Passive components and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators, Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components.

2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:
Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Hall effect; Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Bipolar Junction transistor; Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, GTOs, power MOSFETS; Basics of ICs - bipolar, MOS and CMOS types; basic of Opto Electronics.

3. Signals and Systems
Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations; State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.

4. Network theory
Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen's theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports. Network functions : parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part. Transmission criteria : delay and rise time, Elmore's and other definitions effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.

5. Electromagnetic Theory
Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace's and Poisson's equations; Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell's equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, microstrip lines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.

6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation
Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, comparison, characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial use.

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional type papers)

1. Analog Electronic Circuits :
Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.

2. Digital Electronic Circuits :
Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families : DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer; ROM an their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J-K, D and T flip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters. Semiconductor memories.

3. Control Systems :
Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.

4. Communication Systems :
Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling and data reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of signals at HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.

5. Microwave Engineering :
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation.
Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.

6. Computer Engineering :
Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design; Memory organisation, I/o System Organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design : typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.

IES ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER - I
(For both objective and conventional types papers)

1. EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss's Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.

2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.

3. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff's Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element network synthesis.

4. Measurements and Instrumentation
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

5. CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional types papers)

1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation.
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.

2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and operating factors.

Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.

3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.

4. MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.

5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system in power engineering.

6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETS. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.

Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.

Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Networks: Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.

Electronic Devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.

Analog Circuits: Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.

Digital circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Signals and Systems: Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.

Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.

Communications: Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.

Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - EE

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - EE

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.



Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.



Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.



Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.



Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.



Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Electrical Engineering

Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin's, Norton's and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Ampere's and Biot-Savart's laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.



Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.



Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer - equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors - principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines - performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors.



Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts.



Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors; Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability.



Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.



Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers - biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers - characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfacing.



Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs - static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.

syllabus

  • APTRANSCO

  • NEW SYLLABUS FOR AP TRANSCO 2010

  • APGenco Assistant Engineer(Electrical)

  • APGENCO SUB ENGINEERS

  • APNPDCL

  • NTPC

  • DRDO

  • ASST. ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS IN CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR

  • LECTURERS IN GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNICS (ENGINEERING) IN A.P.

  • ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEERS IN ROADS & BUILDINGS SERVICE

  • Junior Telecom Officers(Electrical)

  • A P P S C – A E E

  • Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Preliminary & Main Exam

  • IES ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

  • IES ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

  • GATE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC

  • GATE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - EE

  • Junior Engineer (CPWD) Examination
  • books

    books




    Provarbs

    Electric Power Systems: A Conceptual Introduction
    Title: Electric Power Systems: A Conceptual Introduction (Wiley Survival Guides in Engineering and Science)
    Author: Alexandra von Meier
    Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Number Of Pages: 309
    Electric Power Systems

    Electrical Insulating Liquids


    GATE Instrumentation Engineering Study Material

    Password:
    www.amaderforum.com

    english telugu dictionary

    links for engg books

    Electric_Power_Generation,_Transmission,_and_Distr ibution.rar

    Code:
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    Electric_Power_Distribution_Equipment_and_Systems. rar

    Code:
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    Electric_Machinery.rar

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    Electric_Power_Systems.rar

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    Electric_Machinery_Fundamentals.rar

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    Electric_Power_Transformer_Engineering.rar

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    Electrical_Energy_Systems.rar

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    Dielectrics_in_Electric_Fields.rar

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    Electrical_Engineer_Portable_Handbook.rar

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    Electrical_Power_Systems_Quality.rar

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    Electric_Power_Substations_Engineering.rar

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    Electrical_Power_Cable_Engineering.rar

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    Electrical_Measurement,_Signal_Processing,_and_Dis plays.rar

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    Flexible_AC_Transmission_Systems_Modelling_and_Con trol.rar

    Code:
    http://www.uploading.com/files/WJOVL2CW/Flexible_AC_Transmission_Systems_Modelling_and_Control.rar.html
    Energy-Efficient_Electric_Motors,_Third_Edition_(Electric al_Engi.rar

    Code:
    http://www.uploading.com/files/K1XC6CYF/Energy-Efficient_Electric_Motors,_Third_Edition_(Electrical_Engi.rar.html
    Handbook_of_Modern_Sensors_Physics,_Designs,_and_A pplications.rar

    Code:
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    Newnes_Electrical_Power_Engineers_Handbook.rar

    Code:
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    Power_Electronics_Design__A_Practitioners_Guide.ra r

    Code:
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    Handbook_of_Transformer_Design_and_Applications.ra r

    Code:
    http://www.uploading.com/files/WZY8HWC4/Handbook_of_Transformer_Design_and_Applications.rar.html
    Power_System_(The_Electric_Power_Engineering).rar

    Code:
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    Power_Transformers.rar

    Code:
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    Practical_Variable_Speed_Drives_and_Power_Electron ics.rar

    Code:
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    Power_electronics.rar

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    Power_System_Stability_and_Control.rar

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    Radio_and_Electronics_Co.okbook.rar

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    Synchronous_Generators.rar

    Code:
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    First_Course_on_Power_Electronics_and_Drives.rar

    Code:
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    The_Electric_Power_Engineering_Handbook.rar

    Code:
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    Transient_Analysis_of_Electric_Power_Circuits_Hand book.rar

    Code:
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    Understanding_Electric_Power_Systems.rar

    Code:
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    The_Induction_Machine_Handbook.rar

    Code:
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    Understanding_Electric_Utilities_and_De-Regulation.rar

    Code:
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    Uncertainty_in_the_Electric_Power_Industry.rar

    Code:
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    Standard_Handbook_for_Electrical_Engineers.rar

    Code:
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    Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book.rar

    Code:
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    Variable Speed Generators.rar

    Code:
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    computer Shortcuts

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    AP TRANSCO Electircal Syllabus

    Syllabus for written test for Electircal Engineering Graduates – AP TRANSCO

    Electric Circuits:

    Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, star/delta transformation;
    electro-magnetic induction; mutual induction; AC Fundamentals; harmonics,
    transient response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis;
    resonance; ideal current and voltage sources; Thevenin’s Norton’s Superposition and
    Maximum power transfer theorems,. Two port networks, z parameters, y-
    parameters, three phase circuits, power measurements;

    Electrical Machines:

    Single phase transformer- equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and
    efficiency; three phase transformers-connections, parallel operation; auto-
    transformer; DC machines-types, windings, generator/motor characteristics,
    armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three-
    phase induction motors-principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and
    speed control; single-phase induction motors; synchronous machines-performance,
    regular and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and
    applications

    Power Systems:

    Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance;
    underground cables; string insulators; corona; distribution systems; per-unit
    quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control;
    power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault
    analysis; current limiting reactors; principles of over-current, differential and
    distance protection; protection of alternator, transformer, transmission lines, neutral
    earthing, solid state relays; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves
    and equal area criterion;

    Utilization, Electrical and Electronic measurements:

    Heating-resistance, induction, dielectric; welding-spot, seam and butt; electric
    traction-speed-time curves, tractive effort; bridges and potentiometers; PMMC,
    moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of
    voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; digital voltmeters and multi
    meters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes and
    potentiometric recorders;

    Power Electronics:

    Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and
    IGBTs-static characteristics and principle of operation; triggering circuits; phase
    control rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of
    choppers and inverters; adjustable speed dc and ac drivers.

    NTPC Syllabus

    Indicative Syllabus for NTPC
    Discipline: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

    Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’s laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.

    Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.

    Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer - equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors - principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines - performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors.

    Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts. Numeric Relays.

    Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors; Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability.

    Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; error analysis.

    Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers - biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers - characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit / 16-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfacing.

    Power Electronics and Drives: SSemiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs - static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives. Variable speed control of AC machines.

    drdo syllabus

    Electrical Engineering - EE

    Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of dc
    and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage
    sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks,
    three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge
    distributions; Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’s laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.
    Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scaling operations;
    linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling
    theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.
    Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer - equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and
    efficiency; three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion
    principles; DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation,
    starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors - principles, types, performance
    characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines -
    performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications;
    servo and stepper motors.
    Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable
    performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance
    and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical
    components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays
    and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC
    transmission and FACTS concepts.
    Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors; Routh and
    Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state
    transition matrix, controllability and observability.
    Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer
    and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument
    transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters;
    oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.
    Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers - biasing, equivalent circuit
    and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers - characteristics and
    applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer;
    Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor
    basics, architecture, programming and interfacing.
    Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs
    and IGBTs - static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers;
    bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of
    adjustable speed dc and ac drives.

    Electronics and Communication Engineering - EC

    Networks: Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental
    circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and
    Norton’s maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors.
    Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of
    network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network
    parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.
    Electronic Devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon:
    diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction
    diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo
    diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion
    implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.
    Analog Circuits: Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple
    diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers.
    Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of
    amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and
    op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.
    Digital Circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL,
    TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders,
    PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold
    circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory
    and I/O interfacing.
    Signals and Systems: Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time
    Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-transform. Sampling
    theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse
    response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase
    delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.
    Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block
    diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow
    graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI
    control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci,
    Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag
    compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and
    solution of state equation of LTI control systems.
    Communications: Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function,
    autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and
    demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware,
    realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude
    modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information
    theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM),
    differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error
    calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.
    Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems, Maxwell’s
    equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through
    various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines:
    characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse
    excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies;
    dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas:
    Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.

    ELECTRICAL ENGG IIT VIDEOS

    ELECTRICAL ENGG IIT VIDEOS

    Electrical - Power Sys Generation Transmission Distribution by Prof.D.P.Kothari

    Electrical - Power Electronics by Prof. B.G. Fernandes

    Electrical - Power System Analysis by Prof.A.K.Sinha

    Electrical - Networks, Signals and Systems by Prof. T.K.Basu

    Electrical - Networks and Systems by Prof.V.G.K.Murti

    Electrical - Illlumination Engineering rof. N.K. Kishore

    Electrical - Energy Resources and Technology by Prof.S.Banerjee

    Electrical - Electro Magnetic Fields by Prof. harishankar Ramachandran

    Electronics - Digital Systems Design by Prof.D.Roychoudhury

    Electronics - Digital Signal Processing by Prof. S.C Dutta Roy

    Electronics - Digital Circuits and Systems by Prof. S. Srinivasan

    Electrical - Control Engineering by Prof. S. D. Agashe

    Electrical - Circuit Theory Prof.S.C Dutta Roy

    Electronics - Broadband Networks by Prof. Karandikar

    Electrical - Basic Electrical Technology by Dr.L Umanand

    Electrical - Analog ICs by Prof. K.Radhakrishna Rao

    Electrical - Industrial Drives - Power Electronics by Prof. K Gopakumar

    Electrical - Power System Operations and Control by Prof.S.N.Singh

    electrical industries

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    Hindustan Paper Corporation Ltd http://www.hindpaper.com/

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    Homocol http://www.homacol.com/

    Atlas Cycle http://www.atlascyclesonepat.com/

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    Deccan Gold Mines Ltd India http://www.deccangoldmines.com/

    ASGI (India) Industries http://www.asgiglass.com/

    Tea Machinery from Amrfeo http://www.tea-machinery.com/

    Ratan Engineering Company http://www.ratans.com/

    Baba Digital http://www.babadigitalonline.com/

    Sutlej Industries limited http://www.rtmyarn.com/

    Raja Sulpher Industries http://www.krishi.net/RajaSulphur
    S U Pumps http://www.supumps.com/

    Kantilal Sanghvi & Company http://www.kantsan.com/

    Ajanta Steel http://www.ajantasteel.com/

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    Kwality Electronic ndustries http://www.kwalityindia.com/

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    Aerosa Exports Pvt Ltd http://www.aerosea.co.in/
    Lohiya Groups of Industries http://www.lohiyas.com/

    ECIL Placement Papers 2007

    ECIL Placement Papers 2007

    1. When a inductive coil connected to a 200 V, 50Hz ac supply with 10A current flowing through it dissipates 1000 watts then which of the following will have least value in ohms-
    a.) Resistance
    b.) Reactance
    c.) Impedance
    d.) None
    2.Oscillator crystal are made of –
    a.) Silicon
    b.) Germanium
    c.) Quartz
    d.) None

    3.For small size, high frequency coils, the most common core material is-
    a. )Air
    b. )Ferrite
    c.) Powdered ion
    d.) Steel

    4.If we have a parallel plate capacitor of plate area ‘A’ and plate separatoin t and having a capacity C and a metallic plate r of area A and of negligible thickness is introduced in the capacitor at a distance from either of the two plates as shown in the given figure then the capacity of the capacitor will become –
    a.)
    b.) C
    c.) 2C
    d.) 4C

    5.A superconductor is a –
    a.) A material showing perfect conductivity and Meissner effect below a critical temperature
    b.) A conductor having zero resistance
    c.) A perfect conductor with highest di-magnetic susceptibility
    d.) A perfect conductor which becomes resistance when the current density through it exceeds a critical value
    6.When an inductor tunes at 200 KHz with 624 pF capacitor and at 600 KHz with 60.4 pF capacitor then the self capacitance of the inductor would be –
    a) 8.05 pF
    b) 10.05pF
    c.) 16.01pF
    d.) 20.01pF

    7.Sparking occur when a load is switched off because the circuit has high –
    a.) Inductance
    b.) Capacitance
    c.) Resistance
    d.) None

    8.Sparking between contacts can be reduced by inserting a –
    a.) Resistance in the line
    b.) Capacitor in series with contacts
    c.) Capacitor in parallel with contacts
    d.) None

    9.RF amplifier of an A.M. receiver is normally biased in –
    a.) Class ‘A’
    b.) Class ‘b’
    c.) Class ‘C’
    d.) None

    10.The value of gate voltage for the operation of enhancement of only N channel MOSFET has to be –
    a.) High positive
    b.) High negative
    c.) Low positive
    d.) Zero

    11.The input gate current of a FET is –
    a.) a few microamperes
    b.) negligibly small
    c.) a few milliamperes
    d.) a few amperes

    12.In the following fig. with R = 30k, the value of current through 2 K resistor is –
    a.) 25 mA
    b.) 40 mA
    c.) 25/16 mA
    d.) 10 mA

    13.A step recovery diode –
    a.) has on extremely short recovery time
    b.) conducts equally well in both directions
    c.) is mainly used as a harmonic generator
    d.) is an ideal rectifiers of high frequency signals

    14.In order to get maximum undistorted output signal from CE amplifier with VCC 10V, the value of VCE (Q) should be approximately-
    a.) 0.1V
    b.) 5V
    c.) 10V
    d) V

    15.In a FET the electrode, which corresponds to collector in bipolar transistor, is –
    a.) source
    b.) drain
    c.) gate
    d.) none

    16.The device which acts like an NPN and a PNP transistor connected base to base and emitter to collector is –
    a.) Triac
    b.) UJT
    c.) Diac
    d.) SCR

    17.A typical optical fibre has –
    a.) High refractive index core and low refractive index cladding
    b.) Low refractive index core and high refractive index cladding
    c.) Both a and b
    d.) None

    18.In the following figure circuit diagram of an op-amp based is shown. The ratio is equal to –
    a.) 9
    b.) 11
    c.) 10
    d.) 21

    19.When a loud speaker is connected across the terminals A and B of the network shown in the fig. then its impedance to obtain maximum power dissipation in it will be –
    a.) 3 – j1
    b.) 3 + j9
    c.) 7.5 + j 2.5
    d.) 7.5 – j 2.5

    20.In the lattice network, the value of R for the maximum power transfer to the load –
    a.) 5
    b.) 6.5
    c.) 8
    d.) 9

    21.For a lossy transmission line short circuited at the receiving end, the input impedance is given by (Z0 is the characteristic impedance, Ö is the propagation constant and l is the length of the line-
    a.) Z0 cot h Öl
    b.) Z0 cot Öl
    c.) Z0 tan h.Ö l
    d.) Z0 tan Öl

    22.The approximate thickness of the radome wall should be –
    a.) l
    b.) l/4
    c.) l/2
    d.) l/8

    23.A relatively permanent information is stored in
    a. ) ROM
    b.) RAM
    c.) PROM
    d.) Volatile memory
    24.The rise time of the RC network shown in the given figure is approximately equal to –
    b.) RC
    c.) 2RC
    d.) 4RC

    25.If in the network shown in the fig. initially a steady state is attained by closing the switch ’s’ and then if the switch is opened at t = 0, then the current i(t) through the inductor will be –
    a.) cos50tA
    b.) 2A
    c.) 2cos100tA
    d.) 2sin50tA

    26.When the p network of figure – I and T-network of figure – II are equivalent then the values of R1, R2 and R3 will be respectively –
    a) 9W, 6W and 6W
    b.) 6W, 6W and 9W
    c.) 9W, 6W and 9W
    d.) 6W, 9W and 6W

    27.When the impedance matrices of a two port networks are given by and , then if these two networks are connected in series then the impedance matrix of the resulting two-port network will be –
    d.) indeterminate

    28.Joule/coulomb is the unit of -
    a.) Electric field potential
    b.) Potential
    c .) Charge
    d.) None of the above

    29.The electric field line and equipotential lines-
    a.) Are parallel to each other
    b.)Are one and same
    c.) Cut each other orthogonally
    d.)Can be inclined to each other at any angle

    30.For a lossy transmission line short circuited at the receiving end, the input impedance is given by (When Z0 is the characteristic impendence g is the propagation constant and L is the length of the line
    31.When two equal positive point charges are placed along X- axis at X1 and –X1 respectively then the electric field vector at a point P on the positive Y-axis will be directed-
    a.) In the +x direction
    b.) In the –x direction
    c. ) In the +y direction
    d.) In the –y direction

    32.The directions of and in TEM mode transmission line with respect to the direction of propagation are-
    a.) Both and are transverse to the direction of propagation
    b.) is and are transverse and h has a component in the direction of propagation
    c.) is entirely transverse and has a component in the direction of propagation
    d. ) is entirely transverse and has a component in the direction of propagation

    33.The lowest TM mode in a rectangular waveguide of cross –section a x b with a>b will be-
    a.) TM01
    b.)TE10
    c.) TM112
    d.)TE11
    34.When a transmitter in a free space radiates a mean power of ‘p’ watts uniformly in all directions then at a distance d sufficiently far from the source in plane the electric field E should be related to p and d as –
    35. When a dipole antenna was radiating with some excitation in free space radiating a certain amount of the power v if then this antenna is immersed in a lake where water is non-dissipative but has a dielectric constant of 81, then the radiated power with the same excitation will be
    a.) Decrease to finite non-zero value
    b.)Remain the same
    c. )Increase
    d.)Decrease to zero

    36.When a (75 – j40)W load is connected to a coaxial line of Z0 = 75 W at 6MHz then the load matching on the line can be accomplished by connecting-
    a.) A short – circuited stub at the load
    b.)An inductance at the load
    c. )A short circuited stub at a specific distance from the load
    d.)none of the above

    37.As compared to analog multimeters, digital multimeters are –
    a.) less accurate
    b.) more accurate
    c.) equally accurate
    d.) none.

    38.When a signal of 10 mV at 75 MHz is to be measured then which of the following instruments can be used –
    a.) VTVM
    b.) Cathode ray oscilloscope
    c.) Moving iron voltmeter
    d.) Digital multimeter

    39.Which of the following statement is true about two wattmeter method for power measurement in three phase current ?
    a.) power can be measured using two wattmeter method only for star connected three phase circuits.
    b.) when two meter show indentical readings, in the power factor is 0.5.
    c.) when power factor is unit, one of the wattmeter reads zero
    d.) when the reading of the two wattmeters are equal but of opposite sign, then the power factor is zero –

    40.When a capacitance transducer has two plates of area 5cm2 each, separated by an air gap of 2mm than the displacement sensitivity in pf/cm due to gap change would be –
    a.) 11.1
    b.) 44.2
    c.) 52.3
    d.) 66.3

    41.The Q of a radio coil –
    a.) is independent of frequency
    b.) increases monotonically as frequency increases
    c.) decreases monotonically as frequency increases
    d.) increases upto a certain frequency and then decreases beyond that frequency

    42.When a generator of internal impedance and operating at 1GHz feeds a load via a coaxial line of characteristic impedance 50 ohm then the voltage wave ratio on the feed line is –
    a.) 0.5
    b.) 1.5
    c.) 2.5
    d.) 1.75

    43.The coding system typically used in digital telemetry is –
    a.) PPM (pulse position modulation)
    b.) PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)
    c.) PCM (pulse code modulation)
    d.) PDM (pulse duration modulation)

    44.Radiation pyrometers are used for the measurement of temperature in the range of –
    a.) -2000C to 5000C
    b.) 00C to 5000C
    c.) 5000C to 12000C
    d.) 12000C to 25000C

    45.In the given figure band structure is shown. It is of –
    a.) Gallium Avesenide (GaAs)
    b.) Silicon (Si)
    c.) Copper (Cu)
    d.) Germanium (Ge)

    46.When anode is positive with respect to cathode in an SCR, the numbers of blocked p-n junction is –
    a.) 1
    b.) 2
    c.) 3
    d.) 4

    47.The circuit symbol for a GTO is
    a. b.
    c. d.
    48.In the given fig. mark out the type of Cyclo converters
    a.) 1 phase to 1 phase with continuous conduction
    b.) 1 phase to 1 phase with discontinuous conduction
    c.) step up device
    d.) 3 phase to 1 phase device
    In the given fig. A-1, C=5, m H and C=20 m F, C is initially charged to 200 V. After the switch.
    S is closed at t = 0 the
    maximum value of current and the
    time at which it reaches this value are respectively.
    a.) 400 A, 15.707 mS
    49.
    b.) 50 A, 30 mS
    c.) 100 A, 62.828 mS
    d.) 400 A, 31.414 mS
    50.In the given circuit the maximum current in the main SCR M can be-
    a.) 200 A
    b.) 170.7 A
    c.) 141.4 A
    d.) 70.7 A
    51.The transfer function of an amplifier is given by
    The high 3-db frequency of the amplifier will approximately
    a.) 5850 KHZ
    b.)585 KHZ
    c.) 5850 HZ
    d.)585HZ
    52.In comparison to full wave rectifier with two diodes the four divide bridge rectifier has the dominant advantage of -
    a). Higher current carrying
    b.)Lower ripple factor
    c.) Higher efficiency
    d.)Lower peak increase voltage require
    53.Power output increase in a class-c amplifier-
    a.) If the conduction angle decrease
    b).If the conduction angle increase
    c.) Are not governed by the conduction angle
    d.)None of the above
    54.A transistor with hie = 1.5 k and hfe = 75 is used in an emitter follower circuit where R1 and R2 are used for normal biasing . Approximate value of it’s current amplification is-
    a.)75
    b.)76
    c.)75/76
    d.)-75
    55.Amplifier of class B has high theoretical efficiency of 78.5 percent because-
    a.) It is biased almost to saturation
    b.)Its quiescent current is low
    c.)It’s output is an exact replica of it’s input
    d.)It is biased well below cut off
    56.The coupling that produces minimum interference with frequency response is-
    a.) Direct coupling
    b.)Impedance coupling
    c.) R C coupling
    d.)Transformer coupling
    57.In the circuit shown in the given figure Rf provides
    a.) Current series feedback
    b.)Current shunt feedback
    c.) Voltage series feedback
    d.)Voltage shunt feedback
    58.Mark the correct relation for the junction transistor
    59.Data in the serial form can be converted into parallel form by using –
    a.) PISO shift register
    b.) SOIP shift register
    c.) SIPO shift register
    d.) POIS shift register
    60.PROMs are used to store-
    a.) bulk information
    b.) information to be accessed rarely
    c.) sequence information
    d.) relatively permanent information
    61.The horizontal axis in a 3 bit unipolar D/A converter represents-
    a.) Output bit combination
    b.) analog output voltage
    c.) input bit combination
    d.) none of the above
    62.‘Not allowed’ condition in NAND gate SR flip flop is –
    a.) s = 0, R = 0
    b.) s = 1, R = 1
    c.) s = 0, R = 1
    d.) s = 1, R = 0
    63.Name the fastest logic family-
    a) TTL
    b.) RTL
    c.) DCTL
    d.) ECL
    64.Equation corresponding to De Morgan’s theorem in Boolean Algebra is –
    a.) (A+B) (A+B) = AA + AB + BA + BB
    c.) A + AB = A
    d.) None of the above
    65.In the given fig find radix of the system –
    a.) 2
    b.) 4
    c.) 6
    d.) 8
    66.Modems are used for data transmission telephone lines to –
    a.) increase the transmission capacity
    b) improve noice performance
    c.) incorporate error control coding
    d.) eliminate dc component in the transmitted signal
    67.The figure of a control system is shown. The maximum value of gain K for which the system is stable is-
    a.)
    b.) 3
    c.) 4
    d.) 5
    68.Identify the example of open-loop system-
    a.) A windscreen wiper
    b.) Aqualung
    c.) Respiratory system of an animal
    d.) A system for controlling Anti-rocket missiles.
    69.Consider the following expressions indicating the step or impulse response of an initially relaxed control system-
    1. (5 – 4e-2+) u(t)
    2. (e-2t +5) (u(t))
    3 .V(t) + 8e-2t u(t)
    4 . V(t) + 4e-2t 4(t)
    Those which correspond to the step and impulse response of the same system include-
    a.) 1&3
    b.) 1&4
    c.) 2&4
    d.) 1&4
    70.A system is described by
    To test its stability by Lyapunov’s method the following V functions are considered.
    Mark the most suitable V-function in this case-
    a.) Only V1
    b.) Only V2
    c.) Both V1 and V2
    d.) Neither V1 nor v2
    71.Identity the polar plot of a typical type zero system with open loop transfer function
    72.The scattering matrix of a magic –tee shown in the given figure is-
    73.Which is the following relate to rational transfer function of a system-
    1. Ratio of Fourier transform of output to input with zero initial conditions.
    2. Ratio of Laplace transform of output to input with zero initial conditions.
    3. Laplace transform of system impulse response.
    4. Laplace transform of system unit step response select the correct answer using the codes given below.
    Codes
    a.) 1 and 4
    b.) 2 and 3
    c.) 1 and 3
    d.) 2 and 4
    74.For the signal g (t) – 10 cos (50 pt) cos2 (150at)
    The Nyquist sampling state in t seconds is
    a.) 150 samples per second
    b.) 200 samples per second
    c.) 300 samples per second
    d.) 350 samples per second
    75.In the case of a 70 MHz 1F carries for a transponder band width of 36 MHz; energy must lie between – MHz.
    a.) 34 and 106
    b.) 52. And 88
    c.) 106 and 142
    d.) 34 and 142
    76.Radar used to eliminate clutter in navigational application is –
    a.) Pulse radar
    b.) Tracking radar
    c.) MTI radar
    d.) Mono pulse radar
    77.The 1.55 mm windows is not yet in use with fiber optic systems because –
    a.) The attenuation is higher than at 0.85 mm
    b) The attenuation is higher than at 1.3mm
    c.) Suitable laser devices have not yet been developed
    d.) It does not lend itself to wavelength multiplexing
    78.Pre-emphasis in FM systems involves-
    a.) Compression of the modulating signal
    b.) Expansion of the modulating signal
    c.) Amplification of lower frequency components of the modulating signal.
    d.) Amplification of higher frequency components of the modulating signal.
    79.In a terrestrial microwave system transmission of signals is achieved through-
    a.) reflection from the ionosphere
    b.) line of sight mode
    c) reflection from the ground
    d.) diffraction from the stratosphere.
    80.Casse grain feed is used with a parabolic reflector to
    a.) increase the gain of the system
    b). increase the bandwidth of the system
    c.) reduce the size of the main reflector
    d.) allow the feed to be placed at a convenient point.
    81.In most microwave communication link rain drop attenuation is caused due to-
    a.) scattering of microwaves by water drops of specific size.
    b) scattering of microwaves by a collection of droplets acing as a single body.
    c.) absorption of microwaves by water and consequent heating of the liquid
    d.) absorption of the microwaves by water vapor in the atmosphere.
    82.Circuit in the given figure represents. –
    a.) an astable multivibrator
    b.) A monostable multivibrator
    c.) Voltage controlled oscillator
    d.) Ramp generator
    83.. . D = r is-
    a.) Maxwell’s 1st equation
    b.) Maxwell’s II equation
    c.) Maxwell’s III equation
    d.) Maxwell’s IV equation
    84.In a rectangular wave-guide which TM mode exists-
    a.) TM00
    b.) TM01
    c.) Tm10
    d.) TM11
    85.In directional coupler a portion of power two velliry fram port 1) to port 2) is coupled to.
    a). port 4
    b). port 3
    c.) port 2.
    d.) port 3 & 4.
    86.For high power i.e. 10 w to 50 kw measurement –
    a.) Barometer are used
    b.) Thermisters are used
    c.) Calorimetric technique
    d.) Calorimetric watt meter technique used
    87.The difference between TWT & klystron is –
    a.) In TWT electrons are in contact with RF field for long time & in klystron for short time
    b.) In klystron electrons are in contact with RF field for long time & in TWT for short time
    c.) In klystron there is no contact in RF field & electrons while in TWT there is contact
    d.) In TWT phase is no contact is RF field & electrons while in klystron there is contact
    88.Which one is most suitable for transmission through wave guide-
    a.) Hown antennas
    b.) Bioconical antennas
    c.) helical antenna
    d. )Discone
    89.The skip distance of microwave is given by –
    a.)
    b. )
    c.)
    d.)
    90.How many general purpose registers 8085mp-
    a.) 4
    b.) 6
    c.) 8
    c.) 10
    91.8085 mP has no. of addressing modes-
    a.) 2
    b.) 3
    c.) 4
    d.) 5
    92.What will be status of z and c y flag after execution of SUB A instruction
    a.) z = 0, cy = 0
    b.) z = 0, cy = 1
    c.) z = 1, cy = 0
    d.) z = 1, cy = 1
    93.Microprocessor accept interrupt only if.
    a.) interrupt flip flop disabled.
    b.) when INTA signal is low.
    c. ) interrupt flip flop enabled.
    d.) none of above.
    94.Microprogramming is a technique
    a.) for programming the microprocessor
    b.) for writing small programs efficiently
    c.) for programming the control steps of computer
    d.) for programming o/p / i/p
    95.High level programs like C are converted into machine language with the help of
    a.) interpreter
    b.) compiler
    c.) operating
    d.) system
    96.(10110011)2 = (?)8
    a.) 253
    b.) 263
    c.) 273
    d.) 283
    97.A Not gate at the output of AND gate converts AND gate into-
    a.) NAND
    b.) NOR
    c.) AND
    d.) NOPE.
    98.The O/P of a logic gate is the gate must be-
    a.) AND
    b.) OR
    c.) NAND
    d.) X-OR
    99.A symbol of JK flip flop is-
    100.A demultiplener-
    a.) has multiple i/p and single o/p
    b.) has multiple i/p and multiple o/p
    c.) has multiple i/p and multiple o/p
    d.) has single i/p and single o/p
    101.. Which of the following best describes the authour`s attitude toward fairy tales ?
    a.) fascination
    b.) open approval.
    c.) Indulgent tolerance.
    d.) Scornful.
    102.What type of sentence is this ?
    Hurray! We won the match
    a.) Exclamatory
    b.) assertive
    c.) Negative
    d.) Affirmative
    103.Before which of the following word will you put ‘a’
    a.) hour
    b.) M. A.
    c.) Umbrella
    d.) Man
    104.The noun form of ‘fresh’ is –
    a.) freshly
    b.) freshen
    c.) fresheners
    d.) fresh itself
    105.The word ‘clang’ is an example of –
    a.) Simile
    b.) inversion
    c.) onomatopoeia
    d.) irony
    106.The Forbes magazine acclaimed Azim Premji as richest India’s is the chairman of-
    a.) Pentafour software
    b) Infosys
    c.) IBM
    d.) Wipro
    107.Bharat Ratna award for the year 2001 goes to-
    a.) Lata Mangeshkar and Zakeer Hussain
    b.) Zakeer Hussain and Bismillah Khan
    c.) Bismillah Khan and Lata Mangeshkar
    d.) Lata Mangeshkar and Ustad Amzad Ali Khan
    108.Mr. George W-Bush takes over as —— President of the united states of America succeeding Mr. Bill Clinton-
    a.) 42nd
    b.) 43rd
    c.) 40th
    d.) 45th
    109.New Chief Minister of Pondicherry is-
    a.) T. Venkat Naidu
    b.) K. Hari Harh
    c.) N. Rengaswany
    d.) M. Mudliar
    110.No court has the jurisdiction to interfere with the election process once set in motion by the Election commission. This is enshrined in Article-
    a.) 311
    b.) 329
    c.) 356
    d.) 365
    111.Ostrich is a-
    a.) Running bird
    b.) Flying bird
    c) Swimming bird
    d.) Migratory bird
    112.The main atmospheric gas responsible for green house is-
    a.) Oxygen
    b.) Nitrogen
    c.) Ozone
    d.) Carbon-dioxide
    113.Which of the following is not a Kharif Crop-
    a.) Rice
    b.) groundnut
    c.) Sugarcane
    d.) gram
    114.The function of World Bank is to-
    a.) Help in reconstruction and development of world economy
    b.) Facilitate poor countries to trade on concessional rates
    c.) Promote growth of international trade and equilibrium in balance of payments
    d.) Ease trade barriers and establish rule of fair trade
    115.Speed of sound is maximum in-
    a. )Water
    b.) Air
    c.) Steel
    d.) Vacuum
    116.“Long years ago we made a trust with destiny.” Whose words are these-
    a.) Subhash Chandra Bose
    b.) Jawaharlal Nehru
    c.) Lajpat Rai
    d.) Bhagat Singh
    117.
    Durand cup is associated with-
    a.) Hockey
    b.) Tennis
    c.) Football
    d.) Badminton
    118.Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in the year.
    a.) 1908
    b.) 1910
    c.) 1913
    d.) 1914
    119.India successfully conducted its first underground nuclear experiment at Pokhran in Rajas than on-
    a.) May 18, 1975
    b.) May 20, 1974
    c) May 17, 1974
    d.) May 17, 1974
    120.An emergency loan of $ 500 million to help reconstruct infrastructure in earth quake devastated Gujarat approved by-
    a.) Asian development Bank
    b.) World Bank
    c.) Swiss Bank
    d.) Reserve Bank of India1. When a inductive coil connected to a 200 V, 50Hz ac supply with 10A current flowing through it dissipates 1000 watts then which of the following will have least value in ohms-
    a.) Resistance
    b.) Reactance
    c.) Impedance
    d.) None
    2.Oscillator crystal are made of –
    a.) Silicon
    b.) Germanium
    c.) Quartz
    d.) None
    3.For small size, high frequency coils, the most common core material is-
    a. )Air
    b. )Ferrite
    c.) Powdered ion
    d.) Steel
    4.If we have a parallel plate capacitor of plate area ‘A’ and plate separatoin t and having a capacity C and a metallic plate r of area A and of negligible thickness is introduced in the capacitor at a distance from either of the two plates as shown in the given figure then the capacity of the capacitor will become –
    a.)
    b.) C
    c.) 2C
    d.) 4C
    5.A superconductor is a –
    a.) A material showing perfect conductivity and Meissner effect below a critical temperature
    b.) A conductor having zero resistance
    c.) A perfect conductor with highest di-magnetic susceptibility
    d.) A perfect conductor which becomes resistance when the current density through it exceeds a critical value
    6.When an inductor tunes at 200 KHz with 624 pF capacitor and at 600 KHz with 60.4 pF capacitor then the self capacitance of the inductor would be –
    a) 8.05 pF
    b) 10.05pF
    c.) 16.01pF
    d.) 20.01pF
    7.Sparking occur when a load is switched off because the circuit has high –
    a.) Inductance
    b.) Capacitance
    c.) Resistance
    d.) None
    8.Sparking between contacts can be reduced by inserting a –
    a.) Resistance in the line
    b.) Capacitor in series with contacts
    c.) Capacitor in parallel with contacts
    d.) None
    9.RF amplifier of an A.M. receiver is normally biased in –
    a.) Class ‘A’
    b.) Class ‘b’
    c.) Class ‘C’
    d.) None
    10.The value of gate voltage for the operation of enhancement of only N channel MOSFET has to be –
    a.) High positive
    b.) High negative
    c.) Low positive
    d.) Zero
    11.The input gate current of a FET is –
    a.) a few microamperes
    b.) negligibly small
    c.) a few milliamperes
    d.) a few amperes
    12.In the following fig. with R = 30k, the value of current through 2 K resistor is –
    a.) 25 mA
    b.) 40 mA
    c.) 25/16 mA
    d.) 10 mA
    13.A step recovery diode –
    a.) has on extremely short recovery time
    b.) conducts equally well in both directions
    c.) is mainly used as a harmonic generator
    d.) is an ideal rectifiers of high frequency signals
    14.In order to get maximum undistorted output signal from CE amplifier with VCC 10V, the value of VCE (Q) should be approximately-
    a.) 0.1V
    b.) 5V
    c.) 10V
    d) V
    15.In a FET the electrode, which corresponds to collector in bipolar transistor, is –
    a.) source
    b.) drain
    c.) gate
    d.) none
    16.
    The device which acts like an NPN and a PNP transistor connected base to base and emitter to collector is –
    a.) Triac
    b.) UJT
    c.) Diac
    d.) SCR
    17.A typical optical fibre has –
    a.) High refractive index core and low refractive index cladding
    b.) Low refractive index core and high refractive index cladding
    c.) Both a and b
    d.) None
    18.In the following figure circuit diagram of an op-amp based is shown. The ratio is equal to –
    a.) 9
    b.) 11
    c.) 10
    d.) 21
    19.When a loud speaker is connected across the terminals A and B of the network shown in the fig. then its impedance to obtain maximum power dissipation in it will be –
    a.) 3 – j1
    b.) 3 + j9
    c.) 7.5 + j 2.5
    d.) 7.5 – j 2.5
    20.In the lattice network, the value of R for the maximum power transfer to the load –
    a.) 5
    b.) 6.5
    c.) 8
    d.) 9
    21.For a lossy transmission line short circuited at the receiving end, the input impedance is given by (Z0 is the characteristic impedance, Ö is the propagation constant and l is the length of the line-
    a.) Z0 cot h Öl
    b.) Z0 cot Öl
    c.) Z0 tan h.Ö l
    d.) Z0 tan Öl
    22.The approximate thickness of the radome wall should be –
    a.) l
    b.) l/4
    c.) l/2
    d.) l/8
    23.A relatively permanent information is stored in
    a. ) ROM
    b.) RAM
    c.) PROM
    d.) Volatile memory
    24.The rise time of the RC network shown in the given figure is approximately equal to –
    b.) RC
    c.) 2RC
    d.) 4RC
    25.If in the network shown in the fig. initially a steady state is attained by closing the switch ’s’ and then if the switch is opened at t = 0, then the current i(t) through the inductor will be –
    a.) cos50tA
    b.) 2A
    c.) 2cos100tA
    d.) 2sin50tA
    26.When the p network of figure – I and T-network of figure – II are equivalent then the values of R1, R2 and R3 will be respectively –
    a) 9W, 6W and 6W
    b.) 6W, 6W and 9W
    c.) 9W, 6W and 9W
    d.) 6W, 9W and 6W
    27.When the impedance matrices of a two port networks are given by and , then if these two networks are connected in series then the impedance matrix of the resulting two-port network will be –
    d.) indeterminate
    28.Joule/coulomb is the unit of -
    a.) Electric field potential
    b.) Potential
    c .) Charge
    d.) None of the above
    29.The electric field line and equipotential lines-
    a.) Are parallel to each other
    b.)Are one and same
    c.) Cut each other orthogonally
    d.)Can be inclined to each other at any angle
    30.For a lossy transmission line short circuited at the receiving end, the input impedance is given by (When Z0 is the characteristic impendence g is the propagation constant and L is the length of the line
    31.When two equal positive point charges are placed along X- axis at X1 and –X1 respectively then the electric field vector at a point P on the positive Y-axis will be directed-
    a.) In the +x direction
    b.) In the –x direction
    c. ) In the +y direction
    d.) In the –y direction
    32.The directions of and in TEM mode transmission line with respect to the direction of propagation are-
    a.) Both and are transverse to the direction of propagation
    b.) is and are transverse and h has a component in the direction of propagation
    c.) is entirely transverse and has a component in the direction of propagation
    d. ) is entirely transverse and has a component in the direction of propagation
    33.The lowest TM mode in a rectangular waveguide of cross –section a x b with a>b will be-
    a.) TM01
    b.)TE10
    c.) TM112
    d.)TE11
    34.When a transmitter in a free space radiates a mean power of ‘p’ watts uniformly in all directions then at a distance d sufficiently far from the source in plane the electric field E should be related to p and d as –
    35.When a dipole antenna was radiating with some excitation in free space radiating a certain amount of the power v if then this antenna is immersed in a lake where water is non-dissipative but has a dielectric constant of 81, then the radiated power with the same excitation will be
    a.) Decrease to finite non-zero value
    b.)Remain the same
    c. )Increase
    d.)Decrease to zero
    36.When a (75 – j40)W load is connected to a coaxial line of Z0 = 75 W at 6MHz then the load matching on the line can be accomplished by connecting-
    a.) A short – circuited stub at the load
    b.)An inductance at the load
    c. )A short circuited stub at a specific distance from the load
    d.)none of the above
    37.As compared to analog multimeters, digital multimeters are –
    a.) less accurate
    b.) more accurate
    c.) equally accurate
    d.) none.
    38.When a signal of 10 mV at 75 MHz is to be measured then which of the following instruments can be used –
    a.) VTVM
    b.) Cathode ray oscilloscope
    c.) Moving iron voltmeter
    d.) Digital multimeter
    39.Which of the following statement is true about two wattmeter method for power measurement in three phase current ?
    a.) power can be measured using two wattmeter method only for star connected three phase circuits.
    b.) when two meter show indentical readings, in the power factor is 0.5.
    c.) when power factor is unit, one of the wattmeter reads zero
    d.) when the reading of the two wattmeters are equal but of opposite sign, then the power factor is zero –
    40.When a capacitance transducer has two plates of area 5cm2 each, separated by an air gap of 2mm than the displacement sensitivity in pf/cm due to gap change would be –
    a.) 11.1
    b.) 44.2
    c.) 52.3
    d.) 66.3
    41.The Q of a radio coil –
    a.) is independent of frequency
    b.) increases monotonically as frequency increases
    c.) decreases monotonically as frequency increases
    d.) increases upto a certain frequency and then decreases beyond that frequency
    42.When a generator of internal impedance and operating at 1GHz feeds a load via a coaxial line of characteristic impedance 50 ohm then the voltage wave ratio on the feed line is –
    a.) 0.5
    b.) 1.5
    c.) 2.5
    d.) 1.75
    43.
    The coding system typically used in digital telemetry is –
    a.) PPM (pulse position modulation)
    b.) PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)
    c.) PCM (pulse code modulation)
    d.) PDM (pulse duration modulation)
    44.Radiation pyrometers are used for the measurement of temperature in the range of –
    a.) -2000C to 5000C
    b.) 00C to 5000C
    c.) 5000C to 12000C
    d.) 12000C to 25000C
    45.In the given figure band structure is shown. It is of –
    a.) Gallium Avesenide (GaAs)
    b.) Silicon (Si)
    c.) Copper (Cu)
    d.) Germanium (Ge)
    46.When anode is positive with respect to cathode in an SCR, the numbers of blocked p-n junction is –
    a.) 1
    b.) 2
    c.) 3
    d.) 4
    47.The circuit symbol for a GTO is
    a. b.
    c. d.
    48.In the given fig. mark out the type of Cyclo converters
    a.) 1 phase to 1 phase with continuous conduction
    b.) 1 phase to 1 phase with discontinuous conduction
    c.) step up device
    d.) 3 phase to 1 phase device
    In the given fig. A-1, C=5, m H and C=20 m F, C is initially charged to 200 V. After the switch.
    S is closed at t = 0 the
    maximum value of current and the
    time at which it reaches this value are respectively.
    a.) 400 A, 15.707 mS
    49.
    b.) 50 A, 30 mS
    c.) 100 A, 62.828 mS
    d.) 400 A, 31.414 mS
    50.50. In the given circuit the maximum current in the main SCR M can be-
    a.) 200 A
    b.) 170.7 A
    c.) 141.4 A
    d.) 70.7 A
    51.The transfer function of an amplifier is given by
    The high 3-db frequency of the amplifier will approximately
    a.) 5850 KHZ
    b.)585 KHZ
    c.) 5850 HZ
    d.)585HZ
    52.In comparison to full wave rectifier with two diodes the four divide bridge rectifier has the dominant advantage of -
    a). Higher current carrying
    b.)Lower ripple factor
    c.) Higher efficiency
    d.)Lower peak increase voltage require
    53.Power output increase in a class-c amplifier-
    a.) If the conduction angle decrease
    b).If the conduction angle increase
    c.) Are not governed by the conduction angle
    d.)None of the above
    54.A transistor with hie = 1.5 k and hfe = 75 is used in an emitter follower circuit where R1 and R2 are used for normal biasing . Approximate value of it’s current amplification is-
    a.)75
    b.)76
    c.)75/76
    d.)-75
    55.Amplifier of class B has high theoretical efficiency of 78.5 percent because-
    a.) It is biased almost to saturation
    b.)Its quiescent current is low
    c.)It’s output is an exact replica of it’s input
    d.)It is biased well below cut off
    56.The coupling that produces minimum interference with frequency response is-
    a.) Direct coupling
    b.)Impedance coupling
    c.) R C coupling
    d.)Transformer coupling
    57.In the circuit shown in the given figure Rf provides
    a.) Current series feedback
    b.)Current shunt feedback
    c.) Voltage series feedback
    d.)Voltage shunt feedback
    58.Mark the correct relation for the junction transistor
    59.Data in the serial form can be converted into parallel form by using –
    a.) PISO shift register
    b.) SOIP shift register
    c.) SIPO shift register
    d.) POIS shift register
    60.PROMs are used to store-
    a.) bulk information
    b.) information to be accessed rarely
    c.) sequence information
    d.) relatively permanent information
    61.The horizontal axis in a 3 bit unipolar D/A converter represents-
    a.) Output bit combination
    b.) analog output voltage
    c.) input bit combination
    d.) none of the above
    62.‘Not allowed’ condition in NAND gate SR flip flop is –
    a.) s = 0, R = 0
    b.) s = 1, R = 1
    c.) s = 0, R = 1
    d.) s = 1, R = 0
    63.Name the fastest logic family-
    a) TTL
    b.) RTL
    c.) DCTL
    d.) ECL
    64.Equation corresponding to De Morgan’s theorem in Boolean Algebra is –
    a.) (A+B) (A+B) = AA + AB + BA + BB
    c.) A + AB = A
    d.) None of the above
    65.In the given fig find radix of the system –
    a.) 2
    b.) 4
    c.) 6
    d.) 8
    66.Modems are used for data transmission telephone lines to –
    a.) increase the transmission capacity
    b) improve noice performance
    c.) incorporate error control coding
    d.) eliminate dc component in the transmitted signal
    67.The figure of a control system is shown. The maximum value of gain K for which the system is stable is-
    a.)
    b.) 3
    c.) 4
    d.) 5
    68.Identify the example of open-loop system-
    a.) A windscreen wiper
    b.) Aqualung
    c.) Respiratory system of an animal
    d.) A system for controlling Anti-rocket missiles.
    69.Consider the following expressions indicating the step or impulse response of an initially relaxed control system-
    1. (5 – 4e-2+) u(t)
    2. (e-2t +5) (u(t))
    3. V(t) + 8e-2t u(t)
    4. V(t) + 4e-2t 4(t)
    Those which correspond to the step and impulse response of the same system include-
    a.) 1&3
    b.) 1&4
    c.) 2&4
    d.) 1&4
    70.A system is described by
    To test its stability by Lyapunov’s method the following V functions are considered.
    Mark the most suitable V-function in this case-
    a.) Only V1
    b.) Only V2
    c.) Both V1 and V2
    d.) Neither V1 nor v2
    71.Identity the polar plot of a typical type zero system with open loop transfer function
    72.The scattering matrix of a magic –tee shown in the given figure is-
    73.Which is the following relate to rational transfer function of a system-
    1. Ratio of Fourier transform of output to input with zero initial conditions.
    2. Ratio of Laplace transform of output to input with zero initial conditions.
    3. Laplace transform of system impulse response.
    4. Laplace transform of system unit step response select the correct answer using the codes given below.
    Codes
    a.) 1 and 4
    b.) 2 and 3
    c.) 1 and 3
    d.) 2 and 4
    74.For the signal g (t) – 10 cos (50 pt) cos2 (150at)
    The Nyquist sampling state in t seconds is
    a.) 150 samples per second
    b.) 200 samples per second
    c.) 300 samples per second
    d.) 350 samples per second
    75.In the case of a 70 MHz 1F carries for a transponder band width of 36 MHz; energy must lie between – MHz.
    a.) 34 and 106
    b.) 52. And 88
    c.) 106 and 142
    d.) 34 and 142
    76.Radar used to eliminate clutter in navigational application is –
    a.) Pulse radar
    b.) Tracking radar
    c.) MTI radar
    d.) Mono pulse radar
    77.The 1.55 mm windows is not yet in use with fiber optic systems because –
    a.) The attenuation is higher than at 0.85 mm
    b) The attenuation is higher than at 1.3mm
    c.) Suitable laser devices have not yet been developed
    d.) It does not lend itself to wavelength multiplexing
    78.Pre-emphasis in FM systems involves-
    a.) Compression of the modulating signal
    b.) Expansion of the modulating signal
    c.) Amplification of lower frequency components of the modulating signal.
    d.) Amplification of higher frequency components of the modulating signal.
    79.In a terrestrial microwave system transmission of signals is achieved through-
    a.) reflection from the ionosphere
    b.) line of sight mode
    c) reflection from the ground
    d.) diffraction from the stratosphere.
    80.Casse grain feed is used with a parabolic reflector to
    a.) increase the gain of the system
    b). increase the bandwidth of the system
    c.) reduce the size of the main reflector
    d.) allow the feed to be placed at a convenient point.
    81.In most microwave communication link rain drop attenuation is caused due to-
    a.) scattering of microwaves by water drops of specific size.
    b) scattering of microwaves by a collection of droplets acing as a single body.
    c.) absorption of microwaves by water and consequent heating of the liquid
    d.) absorption of the microwaves by water vapor in the atmosphere.
    82.Circuit in the given figure represents. –
    a.) an astable multivibrator
    b.) A monostable multivibrator
    c.) Voltage controlled oscillator
    d.) Ramp generator
    83.. . D = r is-
    a.) Maxwell’s 1st equation
    b.) Maxwell’s II equation
    c.) Maxwell’s III equation
    d.) Maxwell’s IV equation
    84.In a rectangular wave-guide which TM mode exists-
    a.) TM00
    b.) TM01
    c.) Tm10
    d.) TM11
    85.In directional coupler a portion of power two velliry fram port 1) to port 2) is coupled to.
    a). port 4
    b). port 3
    c.) port 2.
    d.) port 3 & 4.
    86.For high power i.e. 10 w to 50 kw measurement –
    a.) Barometer are used
    b.) Thermisters are used
    c.) Calorimetric technique
    d.) Calorimetric watt meter technique used
    87.The difference between TWT & klystron is –
    a.) In TWT electrons are in contact with RF field for long time & in klystron for short time
    b.) In klystron electrons are in contact with RF field for long time & in TWT for short time
    c.) In klystron there is no contact in RF field & electrons while in TWT there is contact
    d.) In TWT phase is no contact is RF field & electrons while in klystron there is contact
    88.Which one is most suitable for transmission through wave guide-
    a.) Hown antennas
    b.) Bioconical antennas
    c.) helical antenna
    d. )Discone
    89.The skip distance of microwave is given by –
    a.)
    b. )
    c.)
    d.)
    90.How many general purpose registers 8085mp-
    a.) 4
    b.) 6
    c.) 8
    c.) 10
    91.8085 mP has no. of addressing modes-
    a.) 2
    b.) 3
    c.) 4
    d.) 5
    92.What will be status of z and c y flag after execution of SUB A instruction
    a.) z = 0, cy = 0
    b.) z = 0, cy = 1
    c.) z = 1, cy = 0
    d.) z = 1, cy = 1
    93.Microprocessor accept interrupt only if.
    a.) interrupt flip flop disabled.
    b.) when INTA signal is low.
    c. ) interrupt flip flop enabled.
    d.) none of above.
    94.Microprogramming is a technique
    a.) for programming the microprocessor
    b.) for writing small programs efficiently
    c.) for programming the control steps of computer
    d.) for programming o/p / i/p
    95.High level programs like C are converted into machine language with the help of
    a.) interpreter
    b.) compiler
    c.) operating
    d.) system
    96.(10110011)2 = (?)8
    a.) 253
    b.) 263
    c.) 273
    d.) 283
    97.A Not gate at the output of AND gate converts AND gate into-
    a.) NAND
    b.) NOR
    c.) AND
    d.) NOPE.
    98.The O/P of a logic gate is the gate must be-
    a.) AND
    b.) OR
    c.) NAND
    d.) X-OR
    99.A symbol of JK flip flop is-
    100.A demultiplener-
    a.) has multiple i/p and single o/p
    b.) has multiple i/p and multiple o/p
    c.) has multiple i/p and multiple o/p
    d.) has single i/p and single o/p
    101.. Which of the following best describes the authour`s attitude toward fairy tales ?
    a.) fascination
    b.) open approval.
    c.) Indulgent tolerance.
    d.) Scornful.
    102.What type of sentence is this ?
    Hurray! We won the match
    a.) Exclamatory
    b.) assertive
    c.) Negative
    d.) Affirmative
    103.Before which of the following word will you put ‘a’
    a.) hour
    b.) M. A.
    c.) Umbrella
    d.) Man
    104.The noun form of ‘fresh’ is –
    a.) freshly
    b.) freshen
    c.) fresheners
    d.) fresh itself
    105.The word ‘clang’ is an example of –
    a.) Simile
    b.) inversion
    c.) onomatopoeia
    d.) irony
    106.The Forbes magazine acclaimed Azim Premji as richest India’s is the chairman of-
    a.) Pentafour software
    b) Infosys
    c.) IBM
    d.) Wipro
    107.Bharat Ratna award for the year 2001 goes to-
    a.) Lata Mangeshkar and Zakeer Hussain
    b.) Zakeer Hussain and Bismillah Khan
    c.) Bismillah Khan and Lata Mangeshkar
    d.) Lata Mangeshkar and Ustad Amzad Ali Khan
    108.Mr. George W-Bush takes over as —— President of the united states of America succeeding Mr. Bill Clinton-
    a.) 42nd
    b.) 43rd
    c.) 40th
    d.) 45th
    109.New Chief Minister of Pondicherry is-
    a.) T. Venkat Naidu
    b.) K. Hari Harh
    c.) N. Rengaswany
    d.) M. Mudliar
    110.No court has the jurisdiction to interfere with the election process once set in motion by the Election commission. This is enshrined in Article-
    a.) 311
    b.) 329
    c.) 356
    d.) 365
    111.Ostrich is a-
    a.) Running bird
    b.) Flying bird
    c) Swimming bird
    d.) Migratory bird
    112.The main atmospheric gas responsible for green house is-
    a.) Oxygen
    b.) Nitrogen
    c.) Ozone
    d.) Carbon-dioxide
    113.Which of the following is not a Kharif Crop-
    a.) Rice
    b.) groundnut
    c.) Sugarcane
    d.) gram
    114.The function of World Bank is to-
    a.) Help in reconstruction and development of world economy
    b.) Facilitate poor countries to trade on concessional rates
    c.) Promote growth of international trade and equilibrium in balance of payments
    d.) Ease trade barriers and establish rule of fair trade
    115.Speed of sound is maximum in-
    a. )Water
    b.) Air
    c.) Steel
    d.) Vacuum
    116.“Long years ago we made a trust with destiny.” Whose words are these-
    a.) Subhash Chandra Bose
    b.) Jawaharlal Nehru
    c.) Lajpat Rai
    d.) Bhagat Singh
    117.Durand cup is associated with-
    a.) Hockey
    b.) Tennis
    c.) Football
    d.) Badminton
    118.Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in the year.
    a.) 1908
    b.) 1910
    c.) 1913
    d.) 1914
    119.India successfully conducted its first underground nuclear experiment at Pokhran in Rajas than on-
    a.) May 18, 1975
    b.) May 20, 1974
    c) May 17, 1974
    d.) May 17, 1974
    120.An emergency loan of $ 500 million to help reconstruct infrastructure in earth quake devastated Gujarat approved by-
    a.) Asian development Bank
    b.) World Bank
    c.) Swiss Bank
    d.) Reserve Bank of India

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